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# Advanced Component Patterns
Additional patterns for Convex components that go beyond the basics covered in
the main skill file.
## Function Handles for callbacks
When the app needs to pass a callback function to the component, use function
handles. This is common for components that run app-defined logic on a schedule
or in a workflow.
```ts
// App side: create a handle and pass it to the component
import { createFunctionHandle } from "convex/server";
export const startJob = mutation({
handler: async (ctx) => {
const handle = await createFunctionHandle(internal.myModule.processItem);
await ctx.runMutation(components.workpool.enqueue, {
callback: handle,
});
},
});
```
```ts
// Component side: accept and invoke the handle
import { v } from "convex/values";
import type { FunctionHandle } from "convex/server";
import { mutation } from "./_generated/server.js";
export const enqueue = mutation({
args: { callback: v.string() },
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const handle = args.callback as FunctionHandle<"mutation">;
await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, handle, {});
},
});
```
## Deriving validators from schema
Instead of manually repeating field types in return validators, extend the
schema validator:
```ts
import { v } from "convex/values";
import schema from "./schema.js";
const notificationDoc = schema.tables.notifications.validator.extend({
_id: v.id("notifications"),
_creationTime: v.number(),
});
export const getLatest = query({
args: {},
returns: v.nullable(notificationDoc),
handler: async (ctx) => {
return await ctx.db.query("notifications").order("desc").first();
},
});
```
## Static configuration with a globals table
A common pattern for component configuration is a single-document "globals"
table:
```ts
// schema.ts
export default defineSchema({
globals: defineTable({
maxRetries: v.number(),
webhookUrl: v.optional(v.string()),
}),
// ... other tables
});
```
```ts
// lib.ts
export const configure = mutation({
args: { maxRetries: v.number(), webhookUrl: v.optional(v.string()) },
returns: v.null(),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const existing = await ctx.db.query("globals").first();
if (existing) {
await ctx.db.patch(existing._id, args);
} else {
await ctx.db.insert("globals", args);
}
return null;
},
});
```
## Class-based client wrappers
For components with many functions or configuration options, a class-based
client provides a cleaner API. This pattern is common in published components.
```ts
// src/client/index.ts
import type { GenericMutationCtx, GenericDataModel } from "convex/server";
import type { ComponentApi } from "../component/_generated/component.js";
type MutationCtx = Pick<GenericMutationCtx<GenericDataModel>, "runMutation">;
export class Notifications {
constructor(
private component: ComponentApi,
private options?: { defaultChannel?: string },
) {}
async send(ctx: MutationCtx, args: { userId: string; message: string }) {
return await ctx.runMutation(this.component.lib.send, {
...args,
channel: this.options?.defaultChannel ?? "default",
});
}
}
```
```ts
// App usage
import { Notifications } from "@convex-dev/notifications";
import { components } from "./_generated/api";
const notifications = new Notifications(components.notifications, {
defaultChannel: "alerts",
});
export const send = mutation({
args: { message: v.string() },
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const userId = await getAuthUserId(ctx);
await notifications.send(ctx, { userId, message: args.message });
},
});
```